CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS

The transportation of hazardous substances that pose a risk of polluting the sea by ships at sea is regulated by the International Convention for the Safety of the Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of pollution from Ships (MARPOL).

In the relevant sections of SOLAS and MARPOL, the necessary regulations of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code are explained in detail and they have become the law regarding the transportation of these substances by sea. As of January 1, 2004, IMDG Code became mandatory.

Classification and risk definitions of dangerous goods for all transportation types (sea, air, train, land and inland waterways transportation) are also made by the UNITED NATIONS Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UN).

The hazardous substance classifications defined within these regulations are as follows:

Sub Class 1.1

Explosives with a high risk of explosion. High explosion risk affects the whole load at the same time.

Sub Class 1.2

They are effective substances with the risk of explosion (scattering, dispersion, etc.) not directly but in a connected way. They do not contain a high risk of explosion.

Sub Class 1.3

They are more of a fire risk. High or associated explosion risks are low.

Sub Class 1.4

They are substances with low explosion risk. The risk of explosion is mostly limited to the package in which they are contained. In the event of an external fire threat, the substances in the package do not contain the risk of explosion.

Sub Class 1.5

Explosives independent of external influences. Although the substances in this group have a high explosion risk, the risk of being affected in any way and exploding under normal conditions of transport is very low.

Sub Class 1.6

They are extremely insensitive substances and do not have high explosion risks. There are explosion-triggering substances in this class. These have no accidental risk of explosion.

Sub Class 2.1 Flammable Gases

Substances that are gaseous below 20 ° C (68 ° F) weighing 454 kg (1001 lbs). The pressures of these substances are 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) and their boiling point under this pressure is 20 ° C (68 ° F) or less. 1. At 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) pressure and air mixtures below 13% are flammable. 2. Or they are flammable at a mixture of at least 12% air and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) regardless of the lower limit.

Sub Class 2.2 Non-Flammable, Non-Toxic Gases

With the risk of explosion (scattering, dispersion, etc.), not directly, but in a connected way, this class includes pressurized gases, liquefied gases, pressurized cryogenic gases, compressed gases in a solution, and oxidizing gases. Flammable and non-toxic gases are gases not included in 2.1 and 2.3 classes with a pressure content of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) at 20 ° C (68 ° F). They do not contain a high risk of explosion.

Sub Class 2.2 Oxygen Gas

This mark is optional for 2.2 class. It is used for gaseous or liquid oxygen. Oxygen is not flammable in its own right, but must be present in the environment for combustion. High concentrations of oxygen increase the risk and strength of explosion.

Subclass 2.3 Toxic Gases

Toxic gases at a temperature of 20 ° C and below, at a pressure of 101.3 kPa (boiling points of 20 ° C or less under this pressure) 1. Known to be harmful to human health and pose a health hazard during transportation 2. Although the hazards to human health are not definitely proven, These are substances with an LC50 value above 5000 ml / m3 in animal tests.

CLASS 3: FLAMMABLE LIQUID

Substances that are gaseous at 454 kg (1001 lbs) and below 20 ° C (68 ° F). The pressures of these substances are 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) and their boiling point under this pressure is 20 ° C (68 ° F) or less. 1. At 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) pressure and air mixtures below 13% are flammable. 2. Or they are flammable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) with a mixture of at least 12% air regardless of the lower limit.

CLASS 4.1 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

They are explosives included in Class 1 but whose effectiveness has been taken, or substances specifically included in this class by the manufacturer. Substances that are thermally unstable, have a strong exothermic reaction without air participation, and are self-igniting are also in this category. Solids flammable as is. These substances can be ignited by friction and their burning rate is greater than 2.2 mm (0.087 inches) per second. Flammable metal powders, which all react in 10 minutes or less, are also included in this class.

CLASS 4.2 FLAMMABLE SOLIDS

Self-igniting substances are pyrophoric substances. These are substances that ignite within the fifth minute of contact with air or heat up without the need for an additional energy source when in contact with air.

CLASS 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

These substances, also called Hazardous Substances when wet, are substances that, in contact with water, emit flammable or toxic substances. The hazard measure is to extract more than 1 liter of gas per hour for 1 kg of substance.

CLASS 5.1 SUBSTANCES INCREASING THE RISK OF BURNING BY EXPRESSING OXYGEN

Such substances are substances that allow or accelerate the combustion of other substances by releasing oxygen.

CLASS 5.2 Organic peroxides – many are easily flammable and sensitive to impact and friction

Organic peroxides (Class 5.2) are substances that contain oxygen in the O-O state. These can be thought of as a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, produced by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in water with organic radicals.

CLASS 6.1 Toxic, toxic substances

Substances known to cause harm to humans during transport are classified as toxic substances. In addition, substances that are determined to be toxic in animal tests are considered dangerous for humans and are included in this category.

CLASS 6.2 Substances with infectious disease ingredients

Organic peroxides (Class 5.2) are substances that contain oxygen in the O-O state. These can be thought of as a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, produced by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in water with organic radicals.

CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVES

Substances bearing the yellow RADIOACTIVE III (LSA-III) label. Although this label is not used on some radioactive materials, they must have a poster showing the radioactivity.

CLASS 8: ABRASIVES

They are substances that have a corrosive, thickness-reducing effect on human skin in contact with a certain period of time. Substances that have a corrosive effect on steel and aluminum also fall into this class.

 

 

CLASS 9 VARIOUS

Substances that pose a danger during transport but do not comply with any of the defined classes are included in this class. This class includes the following substances: 1. Anesthetic or other types of harmful substances. These are substances that may disturb the flight crew or crew members to a degree that prevents them from performing their duties. 2. Substances with increased temperature, harmful substances, residues harmful to human health or substances that have the risk of polluting the sea.